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In recent years, new varieties of decorative veneer veneer plywood in the decorative market have emerged, especially the plywood products of a large number of European and American broad-leaved tree veneer quickly occupy the market, such as beech, maple, white wax and black walnut. Since the veneer veneer plywood can reflect the texture of the precious tree species and the natural wood decoration effect, and save the precious tree species wood, reduce the cost, and at the same time facilitate the construction, the decorative veneer veneer board has become the current interior decoration and One of the main materials for the decoration of furniture surfaces. Compared with the single-board veneer plywood (such as ash, etc.) of traditional Chinese tree species, the production process of imported broad-leaved tree veneer plywood is quite different, mainly because the thickness of the decorative veneer is from 0.40 to 0. The reduction of .60 mm to the current 0.17-0.25 mm makes it necessary to add not only new processes, such as wet sand, coating of wood grain concealer on the surface of the substrate, chemical treatment of the surface of the veneer, etc. The requirements for the original process.
1 Product Categories
At present, there are many varieties of decorative veneer veneer plywood on the market, most of which are new varieties that have appeared in recent years. According to the texture characteristics and tree species of decorative veneers, they can be divided into the following categories:
(1) Natural texture decorative veneer refers to the veneer of decorative veneer veneer obtained by cutting or cutting the normal textured logs. The commonly used sliced ​​veneer trees are shown in Table 1.
Commonly used texture decorative veneer tree species name and cutting method
Tree species trade name (English name) Commonly known as air dry density g / cubic meter wood hardness planing method
European Beech (European Beech) Ou Wei 0,67 ~ 0.72 hard diameter cutting, string cutting
Hard Maple Maple 0.74 hard string cut a small amount of cut
Red Oak Red Oak 0.79 Hard string cut a small amount of cut
White Oak White Oak 0.79 Hard String Cutting
American Black Walnut Black Walnut 0.66 Medium Chopped
English walnut (walnut) 0.60 soft string cutting
White Ash ash 0.67 hard or soft string cut
æŸæŸ (Teak) cedar 0.64 soft to medium chord cut a small number of cut
Sapele (Sapele Sapele 0.67 soft and hard diameter cut
Bubinga African Pear 0.80～0.95 Very hard cut
Afrormosia African cedar 0.70~0.86 hard string cutting
Ash (Ash) Ash ash 0.686 Medium chord cut a small amount of cut
Cherry (Black Cherry) Cherry Wood 0.53
(2) precious tree tumors, tree roots and tree shadows
1 The cause of the tree tumor is the tree bag formed by the wood tissue of the tree being increased by various stimuli or due to fungal damage, freezing damage, mechanical damage, etc. The texture of the wood package (tree tumor) is messy, with black short lines and small spots in the middle of the texture. The formation probability of the tree tumor is very low. The decorative veneer cut by the tree tumor has a special texture and is a treasure in the decorative veneer. The variety varies according to the cutting or cutting method of the tree tumor, mainly including: chaos Patterns, embossing, tiger skin, butterfly, wrinkles, bird's eye, cat's eye, flower plaque (peacock's tail), horse's eye, annual ring and other varieties. According to the tree species, there are mainly: beech tumor, rosewood tumor, walnut tumor, birch tumor, maple tumor, eucalyptus tumor, poplar tumor, mahogany tumor, ash wood tumor, ash musculostum and so on.
2 Tree roots refer to the decorative veneers obtained by cutting or cutting the roots of some tree species. The pattern is larger than that of the tree decorative veneers, the surface is rough, and the web defects are more, so the grade is more than the tree. The class is lower, but it is still one of the precious decorative veneer varieties. Its texture pattern is similar to that of tree tumors. Its source is more extensive than that of tree tumors. In recent years, the roots of some fast-growing tree species in China have also been utilized, such as Chinese fir. Cypress and so on.
3 Tree shadow refers to the wrinkle texture, wave texture or staggered texture formed by the wood of some tree species in the growth process. The special texture is adopted on the diameter section. Commonly used are beech shadow, maple shadow, white shadow and red shadow. , Jin Ying, Hua Liu Liu Ying and so on.
(3) Artificial decorative veneer refers to the veneer which is firstly made of ordinary natural wood by rotary cutting or planing, then bleached and dyed the veneer, and then pressed according to different combination schemes, and hot pressed in a special mold. Or after cold forming, a decorative veneer that is cut and cut at a certain angle, can imitate the wood tumor of various precious tree species, including the wood grain of the tree tumor, and exert the advantages of artificial modeling to make some A decorative veneer of special texture that natural wood does not have. At present, the common varieties in the market are imitation wood, imitation white oak, imitation white cork, imitation straight red and white beech, imitation cat's eye, imitation flower crepe, faux eye.
2 Decorative veneer veneer plywood production process
2.1 Main process
2.2 The new process of veneer plywood production Compared with the original production process, the new process and the changed process are: cooking, (plywood) repair, coating concealing agent, wet sand, surface chemical treatment, etc.
2.2.1 Cooking The function of cooking (soaking) is to soften the wood to facilitate the cutting of the veneer and to obtain a suitable wood color. It is especially important for the hard-cooked tree species. For example, African rosewood and African teak are not steamed and sliced. The veneer has a rough surface and severe back cracks, some of which cannot even be cut; some species of wood have higher extracts. It is easy to change color under the action of water and heat. It is not suitable for cooking. If the maple is cooked, it will be red. The market does not accept it. Therefore, the maple products sold on the market are all of its original color, white; some trees The wood is treated with the characteristics that the extracted material will turn red or deep under the action of hydrothermal heat. For example, the original white European Cyclobalanopsis glauca (beech) is transformed into a popular red peony, black. After the walnuts are cooked, the color of the veneer becomes darker and the purple texture becomes clearer. Therefore, different processes are used in the cooking process depending on the different uses of the different tree species. For example, hydrothermal treatment of European sedum is the second step, and it is the main purpose to obtain uniform and bright color by cooking; the final temperature is 95-100C, and the heating rate is controlled at 10 C/h. The length of the product is determined according to the color depth of the finished product, usually between 30 and 60 hours; the temperature of the water in the pool should be controlled evenly during cooking to obtain a consistent color.
2.2.2 Substrate repair Since the decorative veneer is very thin, the quality of the plywood substrate will seriously affect the quality of the finished trim panel. The main defects are: dark streaks (color difference), cracks, wormholes in the panel; uneven thickness of the middle plate, poor finish, lamination and separation, so the plywood substrate must be strictly sorted and repaired. The appearance of the substrate is sorted according to the requirements of the first grade of the national standard GB13009-91 tropical broadleaf tree ordinary plywood standard. For the selected plywood, further artificial repair is carried out, and the small cracks of the panel are mainly filled with special greasy. Laminated or partially thickened areas are flattened with a hand planer or a micro electric planer to control the thickness deviation of the entire substrate to within 0.2 mm; the chromatic aberration of the panel is covered by coating the wood grain concealer.
2.2.3 Coating wood grain concealing agent This process is to mask and balance the color difference of the surface of the plywood substrate, and fill in the small tube hole of some surface. Wood grain concealer is usually yellow and white, which requires high hiding ability and good adhesion. The coating method is roll coating, and the coating amount should be controlled between 50 and 70 g/m2.
2.2.4 Wet sand refers to the sanding carried out before the slab is heated and the water content is high. The main purpose is to overlap the overlapping parts of the sand veneer or the sand veneer to improve the scraping process. Efficiency and quality. The wet sand shall be carried out on a double sanding sander with stable processing performance. The abrasive belt shall have the particle size of P150 and P180. The sanding amount is generally 0.03mm. Before the sanding, the surface moisture content of the slab should be controlled to be about 30%. Otherwise, The roughness increases as the moisture content is too high on the chopped surface.
2.2.5 Chemical treatment of the surface of the board Due to the wet-laid process, the decorative veneer is dried at the end, and the extracted phenols, guanidines, organic acids, iridoids, tannins, etc. are easily exposed to light. The reaction occurs under the action of heat, water, enzymes, etc., and an unstable dark substance is generated to cause color change. After several processing steps, the original texture of the decorative veneer is blurred and the color is lost. Therefore, after the hot pressing, the decorative veneer on the surface of the plate needs to be chemically treated to destroy these unstable discoloring substances, thereby making the material The color is lighter, the texture is clear and elegant, more natural, vivid and has certain resistance to light and color. Other varieties, such as white beech, white shadow, etc., require surface bleaching when the product is required to have a higher whiteness. Commonly used chemical treatment agents include oxalic acid, hydrogen peroxide, wood coloring agent and penetrant, bleaching agent accelerator, inhibitor, etc. The coating of the drug is usually carried out by a single roll coating machine, and the coating amount is 20-30 g/m2. It is then dried using a hot press.
From the development trend of product varieties, new tree species with special decorative effects will be continuously developed, and the original Zengtong tree species can achieve special decorative effects through reasonable cutting, such as Korean pine, white pine, peach blossom. Xinmu, Augumei, etc.; the production level of artificial decorative veneers is continuously improved with the improvement of dyeing technology and touch tool production technology, and the simulation effect will reach a higher level; new and individual varieties are constantly appearing for People choose, and the market share will continue to rise. With the decrease of free formaldehyde content in urea-formaldehyde resin glue, the formaldehyde emission of decorative veneer veneer will reach the environmental protection standard, making decorative veneer veneer The board becomes a green, convenient, personalized and safe decorative product.
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