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First of all, there are "environmental conditions for soft proofing of screens" in international standards, which were established in the 1990s. In the industry application in our country, there are many defects about the soft proofing of the screen. The main defect is caused by the display problem of the screen itself. The structure of the fluorescent screen itself can not be used as the basis for the customer to sign the sample, but this is a trend .
So let me first introduce the relevant content of this standard.
Show the required environmental conditions:
The ambient light should be neutral. For example, environmental colors such as curtains, walls, and operator's clothes may affect the screen.
The background light requirement is that diffusely reflected light is diffused with diffused glass. Strictly speaking, our ordinary fluorescent tube is not diffuse reflection light, and it needs a diffuser.
The illuminance of the environment should be moderate. The illuminance is not the brighter the better. The environment illuminance is too bright will affect the display effect, so the international standard stipulates that the display must be equipped with a hood, it is to reduce the surrounding interference light to a smaller. After adding the hood, the color is completely different, the contrast is improved, and the color becomes pure, which is because the surrounding interference light source is reduced.
The second standard related to our monitors is what we already have in China. In the early 1990s, we made reference to the standard of European standard light sources and the relevant standards of the United States to develop an industry standard called "color evaluation" observation conditions. Is the CY / T3 industry standard. This is an industry standard converted from an international standard. This standard involves four requirements:
The first aspect: color temperature
The color temperature is the most important condition of the standard light source. The national standard was the D65 light source at the time. The color temperature was the extremal temperature of 6500K. K is the absolute temperature. It is 273.12 degrees different from our Celsius temperature. According to the information we received in October, The new international standard is currently being revised. It has a technical report in which it is recommended to use the D50 light source as the new international standard, but the original D65 standard is also used as the reference standard. Now Roland and Heidelberg are D50 light sources. The characteristic of this light source is that D50 is warmer than D65. Our human eyes will not feel too comfortable when looking at colored manuscripts and prints under the light source of D65, which is a white point. D50 is more comfortable, and we prefer the color temperature of D50 light source. We have n’t changed this standard because the official text of the international standard has n’t come. Now both light sources can be used in a state of coexistence.
Second aspect: color rendering coefficient
It should be greater than 90%, which is equivalent to the similarity of its spectral components compared to it under natural light conditions. Then the real natural light refers to sunny morning 9: 30-11: 00, 2: 00-3: 30 pm, not sunlight In the case of direct light, it is completely reflected by the sky. This kind of light is called natural light. Natural light is difficult to simulate. After we collected and analyzed the spectral components of natural light, our standard light source from the simulated natural light conditions in the end To what degree of simulation, it is expressed by a color rendering coefficient. This is available in many reference books, because our ordinary fluorescent lamps have a relatively high color rendering coefficient, and the general color rendering coefficient can reach 93%, which is good quality. The fluorescent lamp, such as Panasonic, Philips can reach more than 95%.
The third aspect: illumination
They now do a lot of art reproduction, so the illuminance of his light source becomes an important condition. Although our standard light source uses 1000 Lux, plus or minus 500 Lux, and the US standard is 1500, plus or minus 500. Its central value is 1500, and we are 1000. This was when we formulated the standard at that time, considering that our country's energy was relatively tight, so we set the standard lower. So what is the concept of 1000, that is, four 36W Philips fluorescent lamps, its color temperature is relatively close to D65 light source, the distance between the lamp and the lamp is 10 cm, the lighting distance is about 1 m2, we can use a lamp to With the fluorescent lamp covers together, it is best to use a scrap PS version which can in turn be used as a reflection lamp. So under such conditions, we use an illuminance meter to measure about 1000Lux. The illuminance is directly related to the distance of the light source. The closer the illuminance is, the greater the illuminance is. The illuminance is not only related to the luminous power of the lamp It is related to the luminescence coefficient, and directly related to its distance.
Fourth aspect: observation conditions
The angle of incidence (the angle between the beam and the normal) is "0 degrees" and the angle of reflection is "45 degrees", or the angle of incidence is "45 degrees" and the angle of reflection is "0 degrees". We have recently done high-fidelity experiments in enterprises, and rainbows have the same problem with art reproduction. If we observe the angles are inconsistent, the color of the printed or digital proof will appear to be inconsistent or close to the color you chase The degree is different. This is what we call metamerism or metamerism. Both of these possibilities may exist. In addition, some of our printed products are polished, and some are not polished. Some inks have good gloss after printing, and some inks are relatively dirty, which will affect our visual judgment. So we found that many international color standards include the determination of the Pantone color standard, the determination of the 23 basic colors in the international standard, and our colorimeter to simulate the human eye. The first thing we get is the tristimulus value XYZ. These are the simulated human eyes. Yes, these simulation data and simulation curves are obtained through the visual effects of a large number of experienced people. The main simulation is the human eye. Therefore, the Lab color space can be independent of the device. Densimeters like ours are first related to color filters. The density values ​​obtained by different color filters vary greatly. However, there are still some differences in densimeters or colorimeters of few brands like Grinda, X-Rite and Contec, but the difference is already very small. Therefore, observing the environment and observing angle, whether it is specular reflection or diffuse reflection, will cause many problems for observing the printed matter. For example, the laser digital proofing we are applying now, there are two kinds of toners, one is high in silicone oil, it is very bright after curing, and the other is very little in silicone oil. The effects of the two toners after thermal curing are also different, which leads to different color judgments.
Another standard is the standard of the file format. At present, the national standard is still being developed. The TIFF format is now used. Although the TIFF format has many branches, the TIFF format introduced from international standards is relatively complete. Now we are formulating the PDF standard. Because of the large number of Internet applications and the need for long-distance transmission, the PDF format is required. The original PS format output by PageMaker has not become an international standard, but has become an industrial standard. The current international standards are compared. The mature ones are PDF X1, X2, X3, and we are also formulating corresponding national standards.
Then the ICC file is actually the file format of the International Color Consortium. His file format uses the method of chroma value to judge the color, so there is no standard itself, because the chroma value and chroma space have become international standards . There are many ways to describe color, such as CMYK, and chroma space. Of course, the benefit of chroma space is independent of the device. Of course, it is still described in RGB, and it has become popular, and the recommended file is being Before RIP processing, all are described in RGB, because the description of CMYK is non-linear to the judgment of the eye, and the color depth expressed by the percentage of dots has an exponential relationship with the observation of the human eye, or conversely, the judgment of the human eye on color It is a logarithmic relationship. At this point, RGB is closer to the human eye's judgment of color, and its biggest advantage is that it completely matches the computer bus. Because RGB is expressed in gray levels, so in the industrial processing of image files, Many aspects have been expressed in RGB. There are many benefits of RGB. For example, the file scanned by the scanner is already in RGB format, but it needs to be corrected and then converted to CMYK. Now digital cameras directly record RGB files, plus the monitors we use now also use RGB files, and there are many proofing systems that can also be directly output. Now the source files used by the international high-fidelity technology are also RGB, so the RGB format is likely to become the mainstream of image color in the future. And now the JPF format from CIP3 to CIP4 not only controls graphic information, but also control information and management information, this kind of file has more advantages and will become an international standard. Once it becomes an international standard, we will lead it to us International standards.
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