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At present, the power density of the data center is getting higher and higher, and the heat generated per unit area in the computer room is large. Because the environmental conditions of the computer room have a great influence on the operation stability, life span, and failure rate of the internal equipment, therefore, the computer room has a good air conditioning effect. more and more important.
According to the different wiring methods of the data center, the air-conditioning organization form in the equipment room is also divided into two types: down-feed and return air and up-feed and back air return, which are commonly referred to as down-feed and up-feed. This article mainly introduces several forms of the air supply method for reference only.
1. Types of sending and returning air in IDC equipment room
There are two main types of IDC machine room air supply: upper air supply and lower air supply.
1. Air supply method
The lower air supply method is to make a bracket at the bottom of the air conditioning unit in the computer room. The height of the bracket is the same as the height of the raised floor in the computer room. The low-temperature air processed by the air-conditioning unit is sent from the bottom of the air-conditioning unit to the raised floor, and the space formed by the raised floor is used as a static pressure box, and then enters the machine room and equipment through the bottom of the equipment and the tuyere floor, taking away the equipment and machine room The heat is returned to the air-conditioning unit through the upper space of the machine room for cooling and cooling treatment and recycling.
2. Downward air supply
The lower air supply method is: the upper air supply method is to send the low-temperature air processed by the air conditioning unit to the upper part of the communication equipment through the air outlet, take away the heat of the communication equipment and the equipment room, and return to the air conditioning unit through the lower space of the equipment room for cooling Cooling treatment, recycling.
Second, which air supply method is more suitable for IDC computer room
The downward air supply method is to send low-temperature air directly from the raised floor to the equipment room or rack, absorb the heat of the equipment, and return the air from the top of the equipment room. In this way, the cold and hot air flow directions are consistent with the air characteristics. Cold and hot air can be separated naturally, and it is easy to get good cooling effect. In the upward air supply mode, the cold air sinks and the hot air rises. It is easy to mix cold and hot air, which affects the cooling efficiency.
In addition, the space under the floor is much larger than the area of ​​the cross section of the air pipe, which forms a static pressure box, so the air supply under the air supply method is uniform, and the temperature difference across the machine room area is small.
In summary, the cooling effect of the lower air supply mode is better than that of the upper air supply mode. The IDC equipment room is generally considered to be more suitable for the lower air supply mode due to its large heat generation.
3. What are the requirements for wiring in the downward air supply method?
For the downward air supply type, if the wiring is used under the raised floor, and the wiring is messy, it will block the air flow from below to the machine room. If the air conditioner uses the lower air supply, it is best to use the upper wiring method. If it is not possible to use the upper wiring method, the cables under the raised floor should also be stored in pipes and arranged neatly to avoid blocking the air outlet.
4. What are the forms of the downward air supply method?
There are various forms of downdrafts, suitable for IDC rooms of different sizes and densities. Considering the tendency of cold air to sink, when the air supply method is adopted in a machine room without an elevated floor, there are many obstacles encountered in the cold air transportation, and the efficiency is low. Therefore, the way of lower air supply mentioned here mainly takes the case of a raised floor as an example, and the cold air is transported under the raised floor.
The common forms of the downward air supply are as follows:
1. Open duct supply air, natural return air
The racks are arranged in a "back-to-back, face-to-face" manner. An open-hole floor is paved at the cold wind aisle. The cold wind blows from under the floor to the cold wind aisle and enters the rack through the opening in the front door of the rack. After the rack heats the cold air, the hot air is discharged from the rear door and returned to the air-conditioning return air outlet.
2. Open duct supply air, open duct return air
Similar to 1, but not natural return air, but enters the return air duct through the grid plate on the ceiling, and then enters the air return port of the air conditioner. That is, the return air adopts the open pipe return air method.
3. Closed pipe supply air, natural return air
The cold wind blows directly into the rack from under the floor, and rises through the gap between the rack front door and the rack equipment to cool the equipment from bottom to top. After the rack heats the cold air, the hot air is discharged from the rear door and returned to the air-conditioning return air outlet.
4. Closed pipe supply air, open pipe return air
Similar to 3, but instead of natural return air, it adopts open duct return air.
5. Open duct supply air, closed duct return air
Similar to 2, but the return air adopts closed pipe return air, the heat will not be dispersed, and the return air is more accurate.
6. Closed pipe supply air, closed pipe return air
Similar to 4, but the return air adopts closed pipe return air, the heat will not be dispersed, and the return air is more accurate.
Comparing these six methods, relatively speaking, the method with return air duct (2, 4) will be more efficient than the method with natural return air (1, 3). Because the discharge of hot air is guided, it is not easy to mix hot and cold. And the ten thousand type (3, 4) that directly sends air to the bottom of the rack will be more efficient than the ten thousand type (1, 2) that sends air to the channel. Because the push of cold air is more accurate, there is less leakage of cold air. 5. In both cases, the return air of the closed duct is adopted. The return air duct is directly connected to the rack. The heat is not easily dissipated. The return air is more accurate. It is suitable for IDC racks or computer rooms with higher heat density. However, if you want to adopt a fully-enclosed pipeline type, first of all, the project cost is higher, and second, the pipeline will occupy a lot of space in the machine room.
Among the above 6 types of air supply, some can also be mixed in the same machine room. For example, mode 2 and mode 5, the air supply mode is the same, and the return air mode is different. In the same machine room, use the under-floor air supply to the cold air channel. For most racks with low heat density, you can use method 2: return air with open pipes; and for some racks with high heat density, you can use Arrange them in a row, adopt the method 6: return air of the fully enclosed pipeline, and the return air pipeline is directly connected to the rack.
4. How to solve the problem that the airflow inside the rack is blocked
Adopt the downward air supply and the upward air return method, the cold air is sent vertically from the bottom of the rack upwards, and the heated by the rack equipment becomes the hot air, and the air returns from the top. However, because the equipment in the rack is parallel to the ground and the size is equivalent to the cross-sectional size of the rack, most of the airflow blown up below will be blocked by the equipment itself, causing the equipment located in the upper part of the rack to not be cooled well. To solve this problem, we can solve the problem by modifying the rack, for example, increasing the thickness of the rack and leaving a free-rising channel for the cold air, which can improve the problem of the airflow inside the rack being blocked.
5. What effect does the height of the raised floor have on the cooling efficiency?
When installing an overhead floor and using the underfloor air supply method, the space under the overhead floor can act like a static pressure box, which can make the air supply uniform and reduce the air supply resistance. If the air supply of each outlet is uniform, there will be no problem of insufficient wind at the rack away from the air outlet of the air conditioner. This is especially important for deeper (more than 15m) machine rooms. The larger the net space under the board, the better the effect of the static pressure box. Therefore, in order to make the air supply uniform and reduce the air supply loss, the raised floor needs to have a certain height. The current domestic computer room specifications generally recommend that the height of the raised floor is 350 to 500 mm. It is defined in the TIA / EIA-942 standard: TIERI level requires a raised floor height above 300mm, TIERII level requires above 457mm, TlERâ…¢ and TIERâ…£ levels require 762-914mm. In principle, the higher the height of the raised floor, the better the effect of the static pressure box. However, for the computer room with a low floor height, the height of the raised floor is a waste of space. Therefore, considering the current status quo, the general machine room height of 350 ~ 500mm can basically meet the demand, and for special specifications of the machine room: for example, the depth is particularly deep or the height of the machine room is very high, you can increase the height of the raised floor.
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