Outdoor classroom: some filtration methods in outdoor drinking water

As the saying goes: "People can eat without a day, not a day without water." It shows that people are very aware of how important water is to human survival. However, unclean water often contains some pathogenic substances such as dysentery, typhoid fever, schistosomiasis, liver cholera, cholera and other toxic production, as well as rotten value stems and leaves, insects, birds, animals, and dead bodies. Feces, some may also carry heavy metal salts or toxic minerals. Therefore, when you find the water source when you are extremely thirsty, it's best not to rush to drink. You should do the necessary purification and disinfection of the water source at the time to avoid poisoning or contagion due to drinking water.

How to filter outdoor water sources for drinking water

There are several simple and feasible methods for purifying and disinfecting the water sources that are found.

First, the infiltration method

When you find a floating foreign body in the water source or the water quality is ambiguous, you can dig a hole about 50 to 80 cm deep and about 1 meter in diameter from 3 to 5 meters away from the water source. In the gap between the soil and the soil, naturally seep out, and then gently remove the exuded water and put it into a water container such as a box or a pot. Note: Do not stir up the mud at the bottom of the pit and keep the water clean. .

Second, the filter method

When you find that the source of water is muddy, there are foreign matter floating and there are microbes or worms and lee larvae, and the environment around the water source is not suitable for digging, you can find a plastic bag (good quality, not easily broken) to puncture the bottom Some small eyes, or with a single cotton gloves, handkerchiefs, socks, sleeves, trouser legs, etc., can also use a Coke bottle, remove the bottom of the bottle after inversion, and then use a small DAO to cap a few fierce, and then from the bottom up Fill in 2 to 4 cm thick soil-free clean fine sand, charcoal powder, fine sand, charcoal powder, and fine sand 5 to 7 layers. Press firmly and pour the unclean water slowly into a self-made simple filter. In the device, when there is water overflow under the filter, the filtered clean water can be collected with a basin or a kettle. If you are not satisfied with the filtered water quality, you should make a simple filter to filter the filtered water again and you will be satisfied.

Third, the precipitation method

Collect the water found in pots or pots, etc., and put a small amount of alum or kapok leaves (decayed), cactus (decayed), and eucalyptus bark (decayed). Stir in water and precipitate for 30 minutes. Pick up the clear water in the upper layer and do not stir up the precipitated turbidity. In this way, you can get relatively clean water.

In general, except for spring water and well water (deep underground wells) that can be directly consumed, whether it is river water, lake water, stream water, snow water, rain water, dew water, or water obtained through infiltration, filtration, and precipitation, it is best to Should be disinfected before drinking. So, how to disinfect it? The method is as follows:

1. Put the water purification tablets into the water container, stir and shake, and let stand for a few minutes, then drink it, and pour it into the pot for storage. Under normal circumstances, a tablet of water can sterilize 1 liter of water. If you encounter water turbidity, you can use 2 tablets. At present, this method is used to disinfect water in the field army.

2. If you do not have water purification tablets, you can disinfect the water with a medical iodine bottle that you can carry instead of a water purification tablet. In purified water, add 3-4 drops of iodine to each litre. If the water is cloudy, iodine should be doubled. After shaking and shaking, the time for standing still should be longer. After 20 to 30 minutes, it can be used for drinking or for standby.

3, the use of chlorite, bleach that can also play a role in disinfection. In purified water, add three or four drops of bleach per liter, and doubling the quality of the water. Shake well and let stand for 30 minutes. Just the taste of some bleach in the water, be careful not to drink the precipitated turbidity together.

4. If none of the above disinfecting drugs happens to happen, it is neccesary to carry the vinegar that is used in the picnic (white vinegar is also OK), and it is also possible to disinfect the water. Pour some vinegar in the purified water, stir well, and let it stand for 30 minutes before drinking. It's just the acidity of some vinegar in the water.

5, in the case of altitude is not too high (2500 meters below sea level) and there are fire conditions, the water boiled for 5 minutes, but also a good method of disinfection of water, and simple and practical. In plain outings or picnics, this method is used to sterilize rivers, lakes, streams, rain, dew, and snow to ensure the need for drinking water and cooking.

6, if you are looking for salty water, use pepper grass and water cook, although this can not get rid of the original brackish, that can prevent abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea. If there is heavy metal salt or toxic minerals in the water, use strong tea and water to cook. Do not drink the last sediment.

At present, there is a drinking water purification straw, which is very practical in the field and shaped like a thick pen. The water purified by it is sterile, non-toxic, odorless, and free of any impurities. It can be drunk without boiling, making it very light.

There are also some water purifiers imported from abroad that are small in size and effective in filtering out potable pure water in more turbid liquids.

In addition, we must remind our friends that in the case of shortage of drinking water, it is necessary to arrange drinking water rationally and not to drink for a moment of thirst. In the field work or adventure, drinking water should also pay attention to science. If you drink enough at a time, the body will excrete excess water after absorption, which will waste a lot of water. If you drink water, drink only one or two at a time, then slowly swallow with a large mouth. After a while, when you feel thirsty, take another drink. Slowly ingest. Repeat drinking so that your body will drink. The water is fully absorbed and it can solve the dryness of the tongue and throat. A standard kettle (0-9) water, the use of the correct drinking method, can make a single soldier in the exercise insisted 6 to 8 hours, or even longer.

Editor: Zhao Hao