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Elongation at break - elongation at break of the specimen.
Breaking load—The force that causes a break in a tensile, compressive, bending, or torsional test. In the tensile test of textiles and yarns, the breaking load is also called the breaking strength. In the tensile test of a thin strip material or a small diameter wire type material, it is difficult to distinguish the breaking load from the maximum load, and therefore the maximum load is considered to be the breaking load.
Bond Strength—The stress (stretch divided by the bond area) required to separate two pieces of metal bonded with an adhesive.
Beam - The main beam of the test machine. This main beam moves up or down to create pressure or tension. The fixture is connected to the beam and the sample is connected to the fixture. The distance the beam moves throughout the process is measured by a rotating photoelectric encoder.
Beam Slingshot Curve—Connects the cable that moves the beam to the machine electrical, providing voltage to the load cell and providing a load signal to the machine.
Deformation Energy—The energy required to deform a material to a specified amount is the area enclosed by the stress-strain curve to the specified strain.
Adhesion—the extent to which the coating adheres to the underlayer
Adhesion Index—measures the adhesion between enamel and ceramics and foil
Alpha Rockwell Hardness—The index of the resistance of a plastic surface to specific head penetrations. The specific force that this particular head is subjected to is applied by the Rockwell hardness tester. A larger value indicates a higher indentation hardness.
Axial strain—the direction of force or strain that is coaxial with the direction of force.
Analog Board—A circuit board that converts analog signals into digital signals.
Latch—A steel pin that connects the clamp to the joint.
Auto Return - When a return is set, the beam automatically returns to zero after the test is over.
Deformation under load—measures the ability of a rigid plastic to withstand permanent deformation and the ability of a non-rigid plastic to return to its original shape after deformation. Test methods for testing these two deformations are given. For rigid plastics, the deformation is described as the percentage change in the height of the sample after 24 hours under the specified load. For non-rigid plastics, the results are described as the percentage of height change after 3 hours under load and the recovery rate of 1-0.5 hours after removal of load.
Peel Strength—Measures the bond strength of the honeycomb core material joint, which is equal to the tensile load applied to the honeycomb panel divided by the product of the panel width and thickness.
Denier—The unit of linear density, that is, the mass (g) of fiber, yarn, or other textile thread per 9000 meters.
Dry Strength - The strength of the bonded portion measured immediately after drying or after conditioning for a period of time in a defined environment.
Ductility—The range in which a material maintains plastic deformation without breaking, and elongation and reduction in area are common indices of ductility.
Dynamic creep—creep extrusion expansion that occurs at varying loads or temperatures—whenever the polymer melted from the die has a diameter or thickness that is typically larger than the diameter (or notch) of the die. In typical products, the ratio of diameter or thickness ranges from 1.20 to 1.40 for polyvinyl chloride, from 1.50 to 2.00 for commercial grades, and higher for polymers with high molecular weight. It is a display of the elasticity of the polymer. A highly elastic polymer has a greater expansion. Of course, with extruded materials, the expansion will be reduced while the diameter (or thickness) of the extrudate is much smaller than the diameter or notch of the die.
Diameter—The case where the cross section of the specimen is circular.
Loading eccentricity—the distance between the actual line of action of a compressive or tensile load and the line of action that produces an equilibrium stress across the cross-section of the specimen.
Edge Tear Strength—Fold the paper into a V-notch and attach it to a tensile tester to measure its tear resistance. The result is expressed in pounds or kilograms. (see tear strength)
Elastic hysteresis—The difference between the strain energy required to produce a specified stress and the elastic energy at that stress is the energy that the material dissipates as heat in a periodic dynamic test. The elastic hysteresis divided by the elastic deformation energy is equal to the damping capacity.
Elastic limit—the maximum stress applied to a material without permanent deformation. For metals and other materials with a distinct linear segment in the stress-strain curve, the elastic limit is roughly equal to the ratio limit. For materials without significant proportional limits, The elastic limit is only an approximate number (apparent elastic limit).
Apparent Elastic Limit—An approximation of the elastic limit of a material without a distinct linear segment in the stress-strain curve, which is equal to the stress at which the strain rate is 50% greater than the strain rate at zero stress point. It is also the stress at the tangent point between the stress-elastic hysteresis strain curve and the inclined straight line, which is consistent with the stress axis and is 50% larger at the beginning than the slope of the curve.
Elastic—The ability of a material to return to its original shape after the load that caused its deformation is removed.
Elongation—The measurement of the ductility of a material during a tensile test. The elongation of the original gauge length is divided by the original gauge length. The greater the elongation, the better the ductility. Elongation cannot be used to predict the properties of a material that is manifested by sudden or repeated loads.
Brittleness - A decrease in ductility due to physical or chemical changes.
Durability - another term for fatigue limits.
Engineering stress—The load applied during the tensile or compression test divided by the cross-sectional area of ​​the specimen. When calculating the engineering stress, the change in the cross-sectional area of ​​the sample as the load increases or decreases is neglected. Also called the specified stress.
Extensometers—Tools that measure linear dimensional changes, also known as strain gauges, are usually based on strain measurement techniques.
Resistance to bending—The ability of a material to withstand repeated compression loads without causing damage.
Flexural Modulus - Another term for flexural modulus.
Bending Strength—The maximum fiber stress produced by a specimen prior to cracking or fracture in a bending test. In the bending test, if the sample is not broken, the bending yield strength is used instead of the bending strength. Another alternative term is the modulus of rupture.
Bending test—A test method for testing the performance of a material under load on a simply supported beam. The sample was placed on two cutting edges and a load was applied at the midpoint of the sample. As the load increases, the maximum fiber stress and maximum strain need to be calculated.
The results are plotted on the stress-strain curve and the maximum fiber strength at the fracture is the bending strength. In the bending test, if the sample is not broken, the bending yield strength is used instead of the bending strength.
Connector—A connector that is attached to a force sensor or machine to allow the fixture to be attached to the machine.
Fatigue—The permanent structural change of a material caused by varying stresses and strains.
However, for glass, fatigue is tested with long-term static tests, and for other materials, fatigue is similar to stress cracking. Typically, fatigue failure occurs when the stress level is below the elastic limit.
Fatigue life—The number of cycles in which a material undergoes varying stresses and strains prior to fracture. Fatigue life is a function of stress variation, sample geometry, and test conditions, and is the case of fatigue cycles at various bending stress levels.
Fatigue Limit—The material is capable of withstanding the maximum fluctuating stress experienced by an infinite number of cycles, usually determined by the SN chart, equal to the asymptotic stress at the point corresponding to the fatigue life of the corresponding large number of fatigue test specimens. Another alternative term is the enduring limit.
Fatigue Notch Coefficient—The ratio of the fatigue strength of a specimen without stress concentration to the fatigue strength of a specimen with a notch or other stress concentration. Since the plastic deformation causes stress release, the fatigue notch coefficient is generally smaller than the theoretical stress concentration factor. The replacement term is the intensity decay rate.
Fatigue ratio—the ratio of fatigue strength or fatigue limit to tensile strength. For many materials, the fatigue ratio can be judged by the data obtained from the tensile test.
Fatigue Strength—In fatigue test, the maximum value of the fluctuating stress required for the fracture after the specified number of cycles of loading.
Fatigue Strength Attenuation Coefficient - Another term for fatigue notch coefficient.
Fatigue test—A method of testing the properties of a material under fluctuating loads. The specified average load (possibly 0) and the alternating load applied to the sample and the number of cycles in which the crack (fatigue life) is generated are recorded.
Fiber stress—The stress at a point on a part that is unevenly distributed by stress.
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