AZ-F0100 Forest Ecosystem Hydrological Process Observation System

1 Introduction

The forest hydrological regulation function is one of the important service functions realized by the forest. However, because forest resources are unrestrictedly exploited and used, people continue to suffer from various disasters caused by the destruction of the forest. Therefore, the research on forest ecological and hydrological functions has become one of the research focuses of ecology and hydrology. In recent years, starting from the forest hydrological process at home and abroad, forest hydrological adjustment processes and ecological mechanisms such as canopy interception, trunk runoff, litter layer interception, forest land water conservation, evapotranspiration and their influencing factors have been extensively and deeply studied. Numerous results indicate that the forest canopy can intercept rainfall and reduce rain kinetic energy, thereby reducing the occurrence and impact of surface runoff; the litter layer can store water, suppress evapotranspiration, and slow down surface runoff; while tree trunk runoff changes the spatial pattern of rainfall levels , Affecting water infiltration and soil water conservation. The forest structure is complex. After atmospheric rain reaches the forest surface, it will be redistributed, which obviously changes the rainfall allocation process. The forest hydrological process and the regulation function are restricted by the forest structure, so quantitatively and qualitatively exploring the relationship between the structure and process of the forest ecosystem and the hydrological regulation function is the focus of the future forest ecological hydrological function research. (Cao Yun, Ouyang Zhiyun, etc., 2006)

2 Observation system design

2.1 Objective

The AZ-F0100 Forest Hydrological Process Observation System quantitatively and quantitatively measures canopy rainfall interception, canopy rainfall interception rate, litter storage capacity, soil infiltration and water storage capacity according to the spatial scale and level, and allocates water volume to different levels of forest ecosystem The pattern and water balance are analyzed to reveal the temporal and spatial laws of the hydrological elements of the forest ecosystem, and to provide basic data for the study of forest vegetation changes on the distribution of water and the regulation of runoff.

2.2 Observation content

Atmospheric rainfall, penetration rainfall, tree trunk runoff, litter layer water holding capacity, surface runoff, soil moisture, soil flow.

At the same time, the AZ-F0100 forest hydrological process observation system can compare and analyze the rainfall intensity, rainfall grade, rainfall speed, and rainfall particle size of the rain outside and through the forest.

2.3 Layout of observation points

2.3.1 Rainfall observation

A laser raindrop spectrometer is installed in the open space of the forest and about 50-100m outside the forest to automatically observe the total rainfall, rainfall intensity, rainfall level, rainfall speed, rainfall particle size and distribution spectrum of the rainfall inside and outside the forest.

2.3.2 Penetrating water observation

Grid mechanical layout method. In the standard land, according to the shape and area of ​​the plot, draw a grid line at a certain distance, and evenly arrange the self-recorded rain collector at the intersection of the grid. The number of installed rain gauges is calculated according to the following formula.

In the formula: n—the number of observation meters (meters); N—the size of the area represented by the sampling, N = A / a (A is the area of ​​the survey area m2; a is the area of ​​the meter (meter) receiving rain m2); — Accuracy; c— coefficient of variation (sample standard deviation / sample mean deviation).

At the same time, a laser raindrop spectrometer is installed under the forest canopy to observe the intensity, grade, speed, size and distribution spectrum of rainfall through the water. In order to compare and analyze the changes of parameters such as rainfall energy, rainfall particle size and rainfall rate after the forest canopy interception.

2.3.3 Tree trunk runoff observation

The diameter-step standard wood method is used to investigate the DBH of all trees in the observation plot, and the trees are graded according to the DBH (generally 2 to 4 cm is a diameter level), and 2 to 3 standard trees are selected from all levels of trees for trunk runoff observation. Then install a tree trunk runoff measurement unit for each tree for manual or automatic observation.

2.3.4 Observation of water content in litter layer

Appropriate small plots are drawn in the plot, samples of litter layer are collected, dried to determine their water content and water holding capacity.

2.3.5 Surface runoff observation

Establish a standard runoff field in the observation site, and the location should be set on a flat slope as much as possible. In the experimental area, two or more runoff fields can be arranged side by side on a flat slope, and the enclosing ridge, protective belt, water collecting tank and observation room can be shared. A water collecting trough is provided at the lower part of the runoff field. At the outlet of the water collecting trough of the runoff field, a gentle diversion trough installed with a surface runoff measurement system is used for drainage, and the water is discharged from all runoff communities. Observe the surface runoff on the slope using self-recorded tipping flow recorder and water erosion sampler.

2.3.6 Observation of soil moisture

The setting of observation plots for soil water content should be determined according to the location of typical forest vegetation and the spatial differences in soil physical properties. For typical forest vegetation, an observation sample area with a size of 10m × 10m should be set on the forest slope, in the middle and at the foot of the slope, and three observation points should be set in each observation sample area. The location of the observation point should be along the observation sample. The ground diagonal is evenly distributed.

The observation depth is determined according to the maximum soil depth of the soil layer, which is generally about 1.0m. A 1m long TDR soil moisture observation tube was buried, and the probe of the time domain reflectometer was placed in the observation tube to measure the soil moisture content of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-40cm, 40-60cm, 60-80cm, 80-100cm respectively.

2.3.7 Observation of soil flow

If there is observation equipment for soil midflow on the slope water balance field, the water hole left by the concrete pouring retaining wall at the lower end of the surface runoff sump is used to introduce the underground runoff into the water gauge for observation.

2.4 Composition of the observation system

The AZ-F0100 forest ecosystem hydrological process observation system is composed of a laser raindrop meter, a self-recording rain gauge, a tree stem interception measurement unit, a soil moisture measurement unit, and a surface runoff observation unit.

3 Data processing

3.1 Total rainfall

The Tyson polygon method is used to calculate the average rainfall in larger watersheds, and the weighted average method (control circle method) is used in small watersheds.

3.2 Tree trunk runoff

Where: C—trunk runoff, mm; M—number of trees per unit area, plant / m2; Cn—trunk runoff of each diameter class, mm; Kn—average projected area of ​​the canopy of each diameter step, m2 ; N-each diameter order, order; Mn-number of trees of each diameter order, plant.

3.3 Canopy rainfall interception

Canopy rainfall interception (mm) = total rainfall (mm)-penetration of forest (mm)-tree trunk runoff (mm)

Canopy rainfall interception rate (%) = canopy rainfall interception (mm) / total rainfall (mm)

3.4 Moisture content of litter layer

3.4.1 Moisture content of litter layer

In the formula: WL-mass moisture content of litter layer g · g-1; ma-total mass g of sample; m-mass g of sample after drying.

3.4.2 Water holding capacity of litter layer

Where: W0 — litter layer water holding capacity, mm; m1 — total mass of sample, g; m2 — sample mass after air drying, g; ρ — density of water, g · cm-3; AL — sample volume, cm2 .

D-Serine

The chemical formula of this product is C3H7NO3, named after the silk from which it was first derived.Serine is a neutral aliphatic hydroxyl-containing amino acid, a non-essential amino acid.Serine plays a role in the metabolism of fats and fatty acids and in the growth of muscle, in the manufacture and processing of cell membranes, and in the synthesis of muscle tissues and of sheaths enclosing nerve cells.D-Serine is an essential amino acid that is used in the manufacture of cell membranes and in the synthesis of muscle tissues and sheaths enclosing nerve cells. It is mainly used in compounded amino acid preparations for amino acid supplementation.D-serine is also an important neurotransmitter, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is an important endogenous ligand for it, both of which play important roles in the central system. Production methods usually include fermentation, protein hydrolysis and extraction, chemical synthesis, and biological enzymes.

D-serine,D-Ser-OH,312-84-5,C3H7NO3

Mianyang Shengshi Health Technology Co.,Ltd , https://www.shengshiaminoacid.com