Application range of coulometric moisture analyzer

Application range of coulometric moisture analyzer:

It can be applied to the determination of moisture in a variety of organic and inorganic substances. However, due to the differences in the properties of various compounds, only when there is no side reaction and interference in the Karl Fischer reagent, the Karl Fischer Coulometric method is a specific property method. The principle is that (1) side reactions must not generate water; (2) samples must not consume iodine or release iodine.

The main substances with side reactions and interference are as follows: 1. Salt, hydroxide and oxide; for example: Na2CO3 + HI → NaI + CO2 + H2O Ca (OH) 2 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + H2O MgO + HI → MgI2 + H2 There are also some substances that can also cause side reactions, such as: Ag2O, HgO, MnO2, PbO, PbO2 and ZnO 2, ketone and aldehyde these two compounds will combine with methanol in the Kaskov reagent to form ketals and ketals Aldehydes and release moisture.

Such substances are generally not easy to be measured by the Karl Fischer Coulometric Moisture Analyzer, but the Karl Fischer volumetric method can be used to change the composition of the Karl Fischer reagent, such as replacing methanol with ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or 2-methoxyethanol Good measurement effect. It is worth noting that not all ketones and aldehydes can be determined by the Karl Coulometric method. Substances such as formaldehyde, triacetaldehyde, diisopropyl ketone, acetophenone, benzophenone, etc., will not react and enter moisture when they enter the Kjeldahl reagent. In view of the determination accuracy of the Karl Fischer volume method can reach 10-4, from the production of ketones and aldehydes, as long as the use requirements are met, it is recommended to use the Karl Fischer volume method.

3. The strong acid will react with the methanol in the Kaplan reagent to release water. The methanol in the Kaskov's reagent produces a lipidation reaction to produce water; 5. The boron-containing compound boric acid and methanol undergo a lipidation reaction to produce water; 6. The metal peroxide reacts with the Kaschen reagent to produce water; The substance will react with the iodine in the Kaplan reagent, resulting in high moisture content, such as iron salt, ketone salt, nitrite, thiosulfate, etc .;
Series of related products: volumetric moisture analyzer, Karl Fischer moisture analyzer, coulometric moisture analyzer, halogen moisture analyzer

Oil Painting Brushes

There are so many many brushes:washes/glazes, rounds, flats, filberts and liners and more. Choosing the right type for the technique is important. Let`s look at the different types. Flat Brushes-Flats are brushes with a straight chisel edge and square shaped filaments. These can be known as shades if they`re in smaller sizes and washes/glazes if in bigger sizes. Large areas are painted with a wash/glaze brush whereas smaller flats are used for small areas of painting

Round brushes-Round brushes have a large diameter of the ferrule, more so than a liner, which can be used for applying thick to thin lines, filling in odd shaped areas, painting details and work great for lettering. Liners don`t hold as much paint as a round, however, they are super great for creating lines or curves. Script liners are similar to liners but the filaments are much longer and hold more paint. A round brush tapers to a pointed tip – several types of rounds are referred to rounds, liners or script liners. Angle brushes are filaments that have been cut on an angle – these are excellent to use in small or curved areas of the painting.Filberts Brushes with oval shaped filaments are known as filberts in smaller sizes and oval wash in larger sizes. Both shapes can be used for base coating, stroke work and more. There are filbert combs, filbert wash and more.Mop Brushes-Then there are mop brushes–great for blending and smoothing out small areas. They`re also ideal for applying powdered pigments–just dust them lightly over hot or tacky wax.Specialty Brushes-Then there are all the speciality brushes on the market used for certain techniques and garner their own results–fan, deer-foot, stumbler, mops,stencil and more.

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