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With the increasing demand for special functions of packaging in the 21st century, the emergence of requirements such as anti-marriage packaging, camouflage packaging, stealth packaging, and anti-radar packaging has promoted the development of nano packaging technology. Nano-packaging materials composed of nano-materials have become a type of high-tech materials we need, which not only greatly improves the performance of raw materials and gives new functions, but also expands the scope of application of raw materials and beautiful prospects, but also saves Scarce resources. Packaging materials consumed every year in the world consume a lot of resources. Therefore, while improving the performance of packaging materials, it is always the goal of the packaging and printing industry to strive to reduce material consumption and reduce processing costs.
(1) Nano-packaging materials, nano-packaging materials refer to new packaging materials made by adding or dispersing powder with a size of 1-100 nm and other packaging materials, or nano-modifying traditional packaging materials, also referred to as nano-materials The parts that can be used in packaging products can be called nano-composite packaging materials, nano-modified packaging materials and pure nano-sized packaging materials. It is a nano-composite packaging material made of single crystal or polycrystalline material with a grain size of 1-100 (nm) and other packaging materials. Because nano-scale grains are finer than those of conventional materials, the number of atoms on the grain boundaries is more than the number of atoms inside the grains, forming a concentration of grain boundaries, thereby giving nanomaterials special properties of many different conventional materials, such as high Strength, high hardness, high resistivity, high toughness, high barrier properties, high degradation, high antibacterial ability, low thermal conductivity, low elastic modulus, low density, etc. These inherent characteristics determine that it will have a very broad application prospect.
Nanomaterials have distinctly different characteristics from traditional packaging materials, and are the first breakthrough and the most promising field of early nanotechnology in the packaging industry. The researchers found that under certain conditions, nanophase regions with different or even opposite physical and chemical properties can achieve synergistic effects. In other words, special nanotechnology is used to process traditional materials to form two-dimensional nanophase regions with opposite characteristics that are interlaced and mixed. The features that make it incompatible are shown through their mutual synergy. In the traditional phase diagram, two elements or compounds that do not co-dissolve at all can form a co-solution in the nanometer state and be manufactured into new materials or composite materials. The application research scope of the new packaging materials is given.
The application of nanotechnology in materials and manufacturing includes: using nanoparticles with the best performance of both dyes and pigments to improve the level of color printing; the color of nanomaterials changes with different particle size, the smaller the particle size, the darker the color To this end, nanomaterials with appropriate volume and uniform particle size can be selected to prepare printing inks of various colors to replace the traditional chemical pigment color matching process. Nano-scale activated calcium carbonate can be used in high-grade inks, which can improve the power of inks High-speed printing; the use of nano-scale bonding and coating of carbide materials and nano-coatings for cutting tools and electronics, chemical engineering, etc .; establishment of new standards for nano-measurement; conducting of nanometers with higher complexity and functionality on chips Processing, etc.
(2) In the traditional packaging and printing industry, it is foreseeable that nanotechnology will be widely used.
The printing of new materials appears. When a special surface treatment is adopted, two-dimensionally mixed two-dimensional surfaces with different properties can be formed on the medium, and the surface area of ​​each phase surface and the "interface" of the two-phase structure exist in the nanometer size. It will be a super-hydrophilic and super-lipophilic interface. It is conceivable that the resolution of future prints will be higher.
Due to the development of printing plates, the requirements for inks are bound to increase accordingly. At present, the technology of producing ultra-fine metal materials "nano metal micropowder" by the DC arc plasma method has been realized. It is an inevitable trend that the development of nanomaterial engineering from the fields of metals and semiconductors to the diverse organic fields. When the effective preparation method of ultra-fine materials is established, and the stability problems commonly found in organic materials are solved, the performance of the ink will definitely have a leap. Packaging and printing materials mainly refer to PS board, paper and ink. Due to the characteristics of nanotechnology, they will greatly change their printability and better match the printing conditions. As we all know, the best roughness range of PS board is 450-650 (nm). It is conceivable how much nanotechnology affects the performance of the PS version. The problems of printing, such as low printing durability, uneven roughness, and performance of photosensitive liquid, are solved with the application of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is the latest technology to "create" new packaging with high performance, high efficiency ratio, and high functionality. Therefore, nanocomposite packaging materials have strong development momentum and broad application prospects. For example, adding 10% of nano (thermotropic liquid crystal polymer) to the polymer will increase the tensile strength of the material to 476Mpa, thus greatly expanding the use of packaging materials.
(3) On the nanometer scale, synthesize material units by precisely controlling the size and composition to prepare lighter, stronger and designable materials, while having the characteristics of long life and low maintenance. By using new principles and new structures to construct physical materials at the nanometer level or materials that do not exist in nature, the nanoscale damage can be repaired in the process of material destruction. There are many new high-molecular nano-composite packaging materials used for packaging abroad, and they are also actively developed in China. Due to the improvement of packaging materials by nano, it will inevitably bring about changes in packaging printing process and technology.
At present, nanotechnology has penetrated into some traditional industries, such as dyes, coatings, food, printing materials, packaging materials, etc. Through the study of nano materials, adding nano particles to chemical fiber products can eliminate odor and sterilize. Through the application of nano technology, the scrub resistance of coating materials has been increased from more than 1,000 to more than 10,000. The aging time It has also been extended more than twice. This technology of nano-modification of traditional materials has little investment in enterprise applications and has a broad market prospect.
(D) The impact of nano on packaging and printing machinery and equipment The ink supply system of the printing press is an important part to ensure normal printing. The role of the ink roller is to transfer ink to the surface of the printing plate. Therefore, the influence of the choice of ink roller material on the printing quality is very important. The use of nano-materials can change the elastoplasticity, oil resistance, acid resistance, solvent resistance, aging resistance and ink affinity, transferability, and abrasion resistance of the ink roller to stabilize the printing transfer conditions. Similarly, the use of nano-materials can improve the quality of printing blankets, thereby stabilizing the printing conditions and improving the printing quality. Nanotechnology will also be used in transmission, such as the extremely small micro-motor system (MEMS). The microelectronic system can place 1 million micromachines on a silicon wafer, and each machine has an electronic control system. Such a thin sensor-transmission device is installed on the printing machine. This device can control the pressure, speed, position, etc. very accurately. The main problem of printing equipment is the problem of mechanical accuracy. The first problem of mechanical accuracy is the inherent defects caused by the manufacturing technology level in the manufacturing process; the second is the mechanical wear and tear caused by the printing process. The main parts that are easy to wear in printing equipment are: gears, cams, cylinder journals and sleeves (or eccentric sleeves) and other components. With the application of nanotechnology, the accuracy and wear resistance of these key components can be greatly improved, maintenance costs can be reduced, and the printing quality of printed products can be improved.
(V) In terms of packaging, in recent years, the most widely studied nanocomposites abroad are polymer-based nanocomposites (PNMC, short for Polymeric Nano-Metered Composites). Commonly used polymers are PA, PP, PVC, PET, LCP, etc. Commonly used nanomaterials include inorganic and organic components such as metals and inorganic polymers. Polymer nanocomposites include molecular composite systems and inorganic ultrafine particle composite systems. The former is to disperse rigid polymers such as LCP at the molecular level (on the order of 10 nanometers) in the flexible polymer group, and the latter is to inorganic The microparticles are dispersed in the flexible polymer matrix in a single-layer sheet or layered form. Finally, the nano composite packaging material is made. The plasticity, abrasion resistance, hardness, and strength of nano-composite plastic packaging have been significantly improved and enhanced.
Undoubtedly through nanotechnology, we can develop a nano-packaging system. After entering the field of nanotechnology, converting various types of additives at the micron level into nano-level products will replace the traditional packaging and printing products. At the same time, the nanotechnology industry will promote precision manufacturing technology to the entire packaging and printing industry through the manufacture and application of nanopowders and films.
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