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A modern stadium must have a good lighting environment to ensure visual effects and meet the lighting requirements of the audience, participants, and television broadcasts. Then, do you really know how the stadium lighting is designed?
1 , four corners layout
The four corners of the lighting fixtures are arranged in a centralized manner in conjunction with the light poles at the corners of the playing field. Until today, many stadiums are still equipped with four corner lighting facilities. Four poles are set in the four corners of the venue. The tower height is generally 35-60m, and narrow-beam lighting fixtures are often used. This type of arrangement is suitable for football pitches with no shelter or low pitches. This method has low lighting utilization, difficult maintenance, and high cost.
The suitable position of the lamp post is shown in Figure 1 below. The angle between the bottom spotlight and the center of the venue and the ground should be not less than 25° to determine the height of the lamp post. Therefore, the distance between the lamp post and the center of the site is different. The height of the pole is also different, see Table 3; the midpoint of the court’s baseline is at an angle of 10° outwards from the court’s baseline (15° angle with TV broadcast), and the midpoint of the stadium’s perimeter intersects with the edge at an angle of 5° outward. The triangle area formed by the extension line after the point is the position where the light pole is arranged. By adopting the projection of various beam angle projectors, a suitable illuminance distribution can be formed on the site.
Figure 1 The position of the four-pole lighting pole
[Relationship between lamp installation height and distance from pole to site center]
d(m) | 76 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 100 |
h(m) | 35.4 | 37.3 | 39.6 | 42.0 | 44.3 | 46.6 |
Note: The h in the table is the vertical distance from the bottom spotlight to the venue, the actual height of the pole plus the height of the bottom row of the lamp.
However, today's television broadcasts require higher and more uniform vertical illuminance, and the required angle of light incident on the far part of the venue is far less than the prescribed limit. The effect of the higher brightness obtained by the use of a large-scale gas discharge lamp, together with the high height of a conventional lighthouse (a type of lamp post), inevitably causes excessive glare.
The disadvantages of this type of four-corner lighting are: the visual changes in different viewing directions are relatively large and the shadows are dark. From the perspective of color television broadcasting, it is difficult to control the glare in all directions to satisfy the vertical illumination. . To meet the Ev/Eh ratio requirement and reduce glare, it is necessary to take some improvement measures for the four-corner lighting.
(1) Move the four corners to both sides and outside the edge so that a certain vertical illuminance can be obtained across the field and the four corners.
(2) Increase the number of projectors on the pole of one side of the television main camera to increase the beam projection.
(3) To add light to the top of the stands on the side of the main camera of the television, attention should be paid to controlling the glare, and audiences at both ends of the venue should not be detected.
2, multi-bar arrangement
The multi-bar arrangement is a form of arrangement on both sides. The arrangement on both sides is that the lamps are combined with a light pole or a building track, arranged in clusters or in continuous light strips on both sides of the playing field. As the name implies, the multi-arrangement pattern is to set multiple groups of poles (or poles) on both sides of the court as shown in Figure 2, which is suitable for football practice venues, tennis courts, etc. Its outstanding advantages are less power consumption and better vertical and horizontal illuminance. Due to the lower poles, this type of lighting has the advantages of less investment and easy maintenance.
Figure 2 Multi-bar arrangement
1 - Light pole, 2 - Stadium, 3 - Stand
The poles should be evenly arranged, and 4 towers, 6 towers or 8 towers can be arranged. The projection angle is greater than 25 degrees, and the projected angle to the sidelines of the site does not exceed 75 degrees.
This type of cloth light generally uses a medium beam and a wide beam projector. If there is an audience stand, the aiming point arrangement work must be very detailed. The disadvantage of this type of cloth light is that when the light pole is arranged between the venue and the audience seat, it will block the audience's line of sight and it is more difficult to eliminate the shadow.
In football stadiums where there is no television coverage, laterally arranged lighting devices are mostly multi-bar arrangement and economical, as shown in Figure 3. The poles are usually arranged on both sides of the arena. Generally speaking, the pole height of the multi-bar lighting can be lower than that of the four corners. In order to avoid visual interference with the goaltender, with the midline of the goal line as the reference point, no poles can be arranged within at least 10° on both sides of the bottom line (without television broadcast).
Fig. 3 Side-by-side arrangement of lamps without TV broadcast
4- lateral corners; â— - lateral six towers; 8- lateral eight towers
The pole height of the multi-pole cloth lamp is calculated using the triangle and the court vertical, and parallel to the bottom line at the same time (see Figure 4), Φ ≥ 25 °, and the height of the pole h ≥ 15m.
Figure 4 Multi-pole lighting pole height without TV broadcast
The arrangement of lamps around the circle is a special form of multi-bar arrangement, which is mainly used for the lighting of baseball stadiums and softball fields. Baseball stadium lighting is best equipped with 6 or 8 poles. Softball courts usually use 4 or 6 poles. Lights can also be installed on the horses above the auditorium. The pole should be located outside the main viewing angle of 20° in the four barrier areas, ie the pole should not be set in the shaded area in FIG. 4 .
The pole height must meet the requirement that the projection angle of the luminaire is not greater than 70°. According to North American standards, the pole height is calculated as follows:
1) The minimum installation height of the lamps on the poles A1 and A2 shall be calculated according to formula 1.
Ha≥27.43+0.5d1 (1)
In the formula, ha - the installation height of lamps on A1 and A2 poles, unit m;
D1—the distance between the poles of A1 and A2 from the sidelines of the site, in m;
2) The minimum installation height of the lamps on the poles B1 and B2 shall be calculated according to formula 2.
Hb≥d2/3 (2)
In the formula, hb - installation height of lamp fixtures on B1 and B2, unit m;
D2 - through B1 (B2) lamp pole made a parallel to the edge of the line, the line intersects with the centerline of the site, this intersection and the B1 (B2) lamp pole horizontal distance d2, unit m;
3) The minimum installation height of the lamps on the poles C1~C4 shall be calculated according to formula 3.
Hc≥d3/2 (3)
In the formula, hc——mounting height of lamp on C1~C4 lamp pole, unit m;
D3——the farthest projection distance of lamps on C1~C4 poles, unit m;
4) The minimum installation height of the lamp on the lamp pole should not be less than 21.3m.
Figure 5 Bar (base) stadium pole position
3, light belt layout
Figure 6 Light band layout
1 - Light Belt, 2 - Stand, 3 - Venue
The arrangement of the light strips is another form of arrangement on both sides, that is, the lamps are arranged in rows on both sides of the court to form a continuous light strip lighting system, see FIG. 6 . The light with cloth lighting is even and the brightness between the athlete and the court is relatively good. At present, it is recognized that this cloth lighting method can meet the requirements for color television broadcasting, high-definition television broadcasting and even ultra-high definition television broadcasting.
The length of the optical strip must be more than 10m above the goal line. For Grade A and Special Grade Stadiums, the length of the optical band is generally not less than 180m. The projection angle of the lamp should not be less than 25°. Some stadium light belts are close to the site edge (with an angle of 65° or more), and a vertical illuminance cannot be obtained on the side of the venue that is closer to the light belt. This will increase the rear lighting system.
The International Football Association FIFA issued a new version of the “Soccer Field†standard in 2011. The increase in the lighting of the football field prevented the placement of lighting fixtures in order to protect the athletes and referees from the effects of glare. Specifically, the following areas (see Figure 7) cannot Arrange lighting:
First, centering on the midpoint of the bobbin, when there is television, the space within the range of 15° on both sides of the bottom line; when there is no TV, the space within the range of 10° on both sides of the bottom line.
Second, the center of the court is 25° behind the goal.
Thirdly, with reference to the baseline, the 75° elevation angle outside the exclusion zone and the 20° extension angle of the short side of the exclusion zone are enclosed, except for the region shown in FIG. 7 . Of course, the general stadium layout lamps are not subject to this restriction, but these restricted areas cannot be switched on during the football mode.
Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the lighting area should not be arranged on the football field
In general, the band arrangement uses several projection angles of different beam angles for projection, narrow beams for long shots, and medium beams for near shots.
The disadvantage of the optical tape arrangement is that the technique for controlling the glare is relatively strict and the physical sense of the object is slightly poor.
4, hybrid layout
The hybrid arrangement is a lighting arrangement method in which the four corners and the two sides are arranged (including a multi-bar arrangement and a light belt arrangement), as shown in FIG. 8, which is a comparison of lighting technology and illumination effects in a large-scale comprehensive stadium in the world. A good cloth pattern.
Figure 8 Mixed arrangement of light strips and light poles
1 - light pole; 2 - light strip
The hybrid arrangement has the advantages of two kinds of cloth lights, which enhances the sense of solidity, and the vertical illuminance and uniformity in four directions are more reasonable, but the degree of glare has increased. At this time, the four corners are often not set independently, but are unified with the structure of the building, so the cost is less.
The floodlights used in the four corners are mostly narrow beams, which solve the problem of long-range projection of light; the light bands are mostly medium beams and narrow beams, and light projections for far, middle, and near-fields are realized. Due to the mixed arrangement, the four-corner projection angle and azimuth layout can be handled flexibly, the length of the light strip arrangement can also be shortened, and the height of the light strip can also be appropriately reduced.
For more information on sports lighting, welcome to the Sports Lighting Design Training Course held in Beijing on October 13-15 to find the answer!
Sports lighting design expert Li Binghua + teacher Shao Wentao's sports lighting design training class is being enrolled. In the last issue of this year, welcome to sign up for study!
Course Name: Sports Lighting Design
Course instructors:
Li Binghua
Sidi (Beijing) International Architectural Design Consultant Co., Ltd.
Chief Electrical Engineer and Vice President of Design;
Professor-level senior engineer, national registered electrical engineer, senior lighting designer;
At the same time, he is also a visiting professor and master tutor of Beijing Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering;
2008 Beijing Olympic Games main stadium - Bird Nest chief designer;
Sports Lighting Design Handbook editor.
Shao Wentao
Yunzhi Lighting Institute Lecturer
Yun Zhiguang Technical Director of Selection Lamps
Yun Zhiguang Lighting Application Research Center (LARC) Director
Eight years of sports lighting design experience
Previously applied engineer for GE Lighting Asia Pacific (in Singapore)
Course objectives:
The purpose is to let students learn through the systematic courses, understand and master the basic situation of sports lighting, design ideas, lighting patterns, skills, know the technical points and difficulties, to find solutions to meet real-world projects in the field, and combine AGI32 software is used to consolidate the actual operations, realize the combination of theoretical knowledge and practical operation, and truly hand over a design proposal that is satisfactory to the owner.
Course content:
Courses for the crowd:
1. Lighting designer, urban planner, architectural designer, construction engineer, electrical engineer;
2. Engineering company program team and designer;
3, lamp business employees, agents, manufacturers.
Course Details:
Course location: Beijing
Course time: October 13-15
Course fee: 4,000 yuan/person (including training, textbooks, certificates, lunch breaks)
Participation requirements:
With the installed windows system computer installed, it is recommended that the system windows7 system and above, Windows XP does not support the new version of AGI32 software. Install AGI32 software (Software is installed by Yun Zhiguang after trainee registration).
Note: There is no need for lighting design basis for enrolling in this course. To ensure the quality of the lectures, we will be waiting for you.
Sports lighting design course, the final issue of this year!
Do not participate at this time, but when?
Registration consultation
Registration link http://elicht_edu.mikecrm.com/p017icB
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