Analysis of main problems and causes in veneer production

Whether it is veneer veneer or decorative paper veneer, there are some quality problems in the process, the main reasons are as follows.

Substrate

The smoothness of the surface of the substrate, the bonding strength of the inner surface, and the uniformity of the thickness all affect the quality of the veneer.

Substrate surface quality

The wood-based panel substrate used in panel furniture, the appearance quality and physical and chemical properties must comply with the latest national standards. The surface of the substrate often has small areas of rubber spots, paraffin spots, oil stains and other impurities, which affect the penetration of the adhesive, so that the material can not be well glued, and there are problems such as degumming and bubbling.

Substrate thickness deviation

The national standard for artificial boards stipulates that the thickness deviation is within ±0.2 mm. The author conducted a thickness test on a brand of E1 grade sheet, and found that nearly 10 sheets of the thickness deviation exceeded the national standard. This creates a variety of quality problems for thinner facing materials.

Finishing material

If the impregnated paper is too dry, it will cause white spots; if the thickness of the impregnated paper is uneven, discoloration will occur. The thickness of the thin wood is too thin, the structural structure causes the conduit to be too large, and the moisture content is too high, which will result in the surface of the adhesive. The thin wood has a high moisture content, which will cause black glue seam, seam or overlap at the thin joint of the wood. Sometimes it will warp the entire board. If the thickness of the veneer is too thin, the surface of the veneer will pass through.

Decorative material moisture content

Moisture content is one of the important factors affecting the quality of the veneer. It affects the viscosity of the adhesive used in veneering, affects the wettability of the adhesive, and affects the apparent physical properties of the decorative material. Thin wood is a kind of wood thin veneer material with precious tree species. It usually has a water content of 8~15. If the moisture content of the thin wood is low, its heat transfer is slow and easy to break. However, the moisture content of the thin wood should not be too high, and the moisture content of the thin wood is large, and the drying shrinkage causes warpage deformation of the board surface. The moisture content of the decorative paper also affects the quality of the veneer. Usually, the processed paper is stored in an environment with a temperature of 25 ° C and a humidity of 55 to 65. If the decorative paper is too dry, there will be a white shift, and wrinkles will appear when the moisture is too high.

Decorative material thickness

The thin wood usually has a thickness ranging from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm. When the surface of the substrate is flat, the thickness of the thin wood can be small; when the surface is uneven, the thickness is large. Generally, the thickness of the thin wood used in the furniture company ranges from 0.4mm to 0.6mm, which can meet the requirements of the veneer process and meet the decorative requirements of the solid wood. The thickness of the thin wood is too thin. If the pipe is large, it will cause the rubber to penetrate the bottom. Color and other phenomena. The decorative paper used should also have a certain thickness, otherwise it will appear through the bottom. If the thickness is uneven, discoloration will occur.

Veneering process

The veneering process includes the process method in the veneer, standardized operation, processing conditions, etc., which is the key link to ensure the quality of the veneer.

Process method

Thick sanding of plain plates is an important process to ensure uniform thickness of the plates and improve the quality of the plates. Failure to operate or reduce this process will cause veneer defects that cannot be remedied in later processes. The gluing process is to uniformly apply a certain amount of glue to the surface of the substrate. Too much glue will make the rubber layer hard and brittle; if the amount of glue is too small or the glue is uneven, local glue will be produced, resulting in bubbling; when the blank is used, the surface of the back surface of the adhesive should be symmetrical, otherwise it will cause the base. The surface of the material is unevenly stressed, causing the sheet to warp.

Processing conditions

Good processing conditions, such as a clean environment, suitable humidity and temperature and pressure, are required during the veneering process. Before the glue is applied, the surface of the board should be cleaned. After the glue is applied, the dust particles should be prevented from falling on the board surface. Otherwise, the surface of the board will have granular protrusions.

Standardized operation

In veneer processing, it must be operated in strict accordance with the process standards. Especially in the process of coating the substrate, the adhesive is first prepared in a certain proportion, stirred evenly, and then added to the glue applicator by a special container. In the actual operation, the worker will directly add the main agent of the adhesive to the rubber roller, and then add a modified material such as lignin powder to stir on the glue coating machine. This will occur, on the one hand, the adhesive is not evenly stirred, and large particles appear; on the other hand, the glue applicator is damaged; after the glue is applied, there are defects such as partial lack of glue and granules.

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